Chemistery

As we have already learned SN2, what would happen if the substrate is hindered and the nucleophile is a weak one? SN1 will happen. Unimolecular : SN1 is called unimolecular substitution because only one molecule (the substrate) is involved in determining the rate of reaction. This would not happen if the reaction is one step (nucleophile attacks and leaving group leaves the substrate). This reaction must involves multi steps: one is rate-liming (slow) and the other is fast (doesn't affect the rate). As it is not a concerted reaction, an intermediate is formed. Substitution : the nucelophile (from the solvent) substitutes the leaving group. SN1 is also called solvolysis because the solvent acts as the nucleophile (SN1 happens when we put a bulky substrate in a solvent). Let's look at the general mechanism: Unimolecular Substitution Step 1 is a rate-determining step which is a slow ionization that gives a carbocation intermediate. This step is slow and has a high...

After introducing electrophile and nucleophile, let's talk about SN1 , SN2 , E1 and E2 . Let's see what they mean first: SN1: First-Order Nucleophilic Substitution SN2: Second-Order Nucleophilic Substitution E1: First-Order Elimination E2: Second-Order Elimination   So basically, these 4 types of reactions are categorized into   Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination .  Nucleophilic Substitution means one thing is substituted by something else, which is a nucleophile (to make it nucleophilic) Elimination always form a double bond product because as something is eliminated, the remained  electrons form a double bond  The condition for each of these reactions are different (solvent, leaving group, reactant bulkiness, etc) and the ability to classify them is crucial. Here is a table summarized all we need to know about them.   source: www.pinstopin.com Our team at Chemistery uses NordVPN every day and we high...

Every chemical reactions in organic chemistry are about nucleophile and electrophile . So a complete understanding of these two " philes " is fundamental for a further adventure in organic chemistry.  The suffix, " phile " , means lover here. Nucleophile loves nucleus and electrophile  loves electrons . That means, they are attracted to nucleus and electrons respectively. But why?  To make itself attracted to a nucleus, a nucleophile must be relatively negatively charged, so it always has a lone pair of electrons with it. That is why when we draw a generalized nucleophile, it has two extra electrons with it and it is negatively charged.  Same thing happens to an electrophile , it loves electrons, so it must be positively charged. And it is impossible to be negatively charged so it won't carry a lone pair of electrons around. In fact, stuff usually loses electron to become an electrophile. ( electron deficient)

Well, I guess a post regarding to the Periodic Table is the best way to anchor the blog. The Periodic Table contains more than a hundred elements. First, let's look at that top single box which has the labels  (6, C, 12.01, carbon) An atomic number of 6 means that this element contains 6 protons . (Positively charged located in the nucleus) C is the symbol which is used to represent in chemical reactions and structure drawing.  12.01 is the molar mass of the element.  Carbon, of course, is the name of the element.